The elaboration considers one of the immanent features of the capitalist economy, i.e. incomplete employment, that is, unemployment. The author, in accordance with the views of Karl Marx, thinks there is no capitalist way of production without the existence of unemployment, the so-called reserve labour army. After reminding the different types of unemployment and its theories, and also the category of the organic composition of capital, the author comes to the conclusion that the trends and types of technical progress by its distinctly anti-employment tendency lead to the intensification of the phenomenon of unemployment. An attempt at a statistical theory of formulation of the category of organic composition of capital was also presented. In the final parts of the elaboration some ways of combating unemployment were discussed, essential in the present situation of the economy of Poland. These are:

1. so-called ecological agriculture
2. the question of pensions and sick pensions
3. shortening of the work time.

This study concerns the Polish pension system reform. This reform is a long-run economic process, which could result in significant changes in many sectors of the economy. The aimof this work is an analysis of the impact of pension system reform on economic growth when the process of demographic transformation is intensified.

This study introduces an analytical general equilibrium model, which illustrates capital flows of pension system in the transformation process. It contains results of simulation research.

Conclusion: The reform of 1999 prevents the public finance crisis, improves the economic security of an individual, causes favourable changes in capital market, controls the labour market and is conducive to economic development. It is necessary to consider the possibility of raising the retirement age and of an increase in the degree of privatization.

This article includes the prezentation of the results of empirical research, which was conducted among managers of consumers. co-operatives (Społem PSS), co-operative creameries and Samopomoc Chłopska co-operatives and concerned economic situation of those entities. From many important, current problems the co-operatives which are specific organizational-proprietary form of conducting economic activity, have to deal with, the research concentrated only on empirical material which could be obtained through a survey which included opinions about:

• the market situation of co-operatives and the level of their competitiveness,
• productive capacity of co-operatives and their production profile.

The analysis of publications concerning the problem of political marketing leads to the statement that despite the widespread use of the term, there is still lack of solid and recognized theoretical foundations of this phenomenon. Hence results the necessity of referring to the achievement of marketing theory used on conventional markets. In the article entitled .Political marketing against the background of modern marketing theory. the author attempts to answer the questions about the essence of political marketing. The existing conceptions of political marketing were divided into two groups: the reductionist approach.defining political marketing as a tool of persuasion used during the election campaign, and the complex approach.recognizing as the essence of marketing actions the fulfilment of the needs of the addressees of the political offer. In the light of marketing theory and research carried out by the author it appears that the reductionist approach brings considerably less election effects than the proposed complex approach. In spite of this analysis of the subject literature indicates that the theory of political marketing is still in the stage of promotion orientation popular on conventional markets in the sixties.