This article presents the model of functioning of the socialist economic system based on empirical analysis of the Polish reforms. In Poland, there were several trials to carry out economic reforms, but always after a few years they were stopped. Therefore I will examine why the reforms failed, and why the system reforms ultimately stalled in deadlock.

I focused on the basic architecture of the “traditional” system, the cyclical nature of the structural reform of the socialist political determinants of economic reforms, interoperability and interactivity between platform and mechanism of its functioning. According to the analysis, even if the mechanism of functioning of the economic system will be improved, but will not be matched to the basic architecture, sooner or later, the operation mechanism will operate imperfectly, and it will return to the originalmechanism functioning at the level of the basic architecture of the traditional system. This rigid platform creates the periodicity of the economic reform. Thus, the system does not function efficiently if the platform is replaced. However, the basic architecture of the platform is the ideological foundation of the socialist system as well and bringing it to change is the negation of socialism. These are the fundamental limitations of the economic reforms in the socialist system.

This lack of flexibility led to the collapse of the system and inevitably leads to the system transformation.

The article presents how the changes on the financial markets influence the choice of the appropriate segmentation strategy, how they support a personalized approach to the customer, and the accurate estimate of the customer’s financial capacity and to build lasting relationships with customers.

The authors suggest the special importance of this process in the Wealth Management segment, where it becomes a key factor in the battle for the customer, and mitigation of the risk of losing the customer. In addition, the authors discuss and give arguments that the individualization of needs, preferences or behavior is not possible for each client individually, but through an effective design of the process of segmentation the bank is able to reduce the risk of missed sales activities by constructing groups of similar set of the analyzed components. In conclusion, attention is drawn to two very important, from the point of view of the segmentation, areas of the segmentation analysis. First, preparing and building new customer segmentation strategies Wealth Management, do not forget the cultural diversity of the regions of the world. Secondly—the emerging EU Directives on Basel II, MiFID and the Prevention ofMoney Laundering make that the way of the customer segmentation must be consistent with the construction law facing the EU directives for the local regulators.

"The theory of economy deals mainly with private goods […] Nevertheless, there are many goods which do not fall into this category" (Wilkin, 2005, p. 159). This is the reason that makes a few Polish authors interest in the theory of public goods; but, before being able to enlighten the theory, one should begin with a strong basis which is the definition; hence the idea of the article. Threemain parts are shown here, starting from Paul A. Samuelson and his pure public good understanding followed with a word of its critics. As one of counterarguments to Samuelson's definition, Richard A. Musgrave's public good impurity examples are recalled. Then we continue with an abstract understanding of public good by James M. Buchanan. His idea is to call every item of public good, my public good. Hence if two people stand under the same street lamp at the same time, each of them consumes different unit of public good. Even if the way of thinking may seem to be odd, it eliminates a few significant obstacles with which Samuelson's theory could not manage. What is more, it enables its author to create the whole system of public goods' distribution, but it is a subject for another article.

Keynesian p-Beauty Contest (KpBC) is one of the most commonly used laboratory experiments to study the degree of rationality of people and the learning process. It is also applicable in education as a tool to illustrate both the concept of rationality and iterative elimination of dominated strategies. The aim of this paper is to present the results of online teaching experiments in which an auto-selection mechanism has been used based on the existing social stereotypes. The repeatability of the results shows that the experiments are resistant to the distortions arising from the use of the online environment, and that a developed methodology allows to carry out reliable experimental studies.